CentOS 7 安装 nginx,php, mysql, redis,supervisor 套件
初始化系统
这里设置的用户是 duoli
, 在此之前先需要对服务器进行完善和升级
设置Mysql源
# 由于mysql 版权方面的限制, centos 7 没有内置mysql 服务器, 必须从mysql 官方进行安装
$ yum install http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
设置 nginx 源
方式一:(安装 rpm:推荐)
$ yum install https://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
方式二:(手动创建)
创建 vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
, 并且填充以下内容来安装 yum repository 库
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
默认情况下,使用稳定 nginx
仓库包。如果您想使用 mainline nginx
包,运行以下命令
$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
安装基础软件
# 安装常用软件
$ yum install vim git yum-utils
$ yum install redis --enablerepo=remi
安装软件以及配置
安装并配置 Mysql 数据库
# 安装 mysql server
$ yum install mysql-server
启动mysql并且获取密码
$ systemctl start mysqld
# mysql 5.7 在安装完成的时候会生成一个临时密码, 我们需要找到错误日志 `/var/log/mysqld.log`来获取这个临时密码
# use below command to see the password:
$ grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _ab3BAKulW?r
初始化 mysql
$ mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root: ******
New password: ******
Re-enter new password: ******
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : *
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
All done!
设置密码的方法
$ mysql -uroot -p******
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('password@wulicode');
mysql> exit
配置数据库用户
CREATE USER 'duoli'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'U*OSy)iKk$XO9dMB';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'duoli'@'%' REQUIRE NONE WITH GRANT OPTION MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 0;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `duoli_demo`.* TO 'duoli'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES
让用户可以远程访问 在 my.conf 中 [mysqld]
部分增加以下行并重启 mysqld
bind-address=0.0.0.0
开机自启动
$ systemctl enable mysqld
安装并配置nginx
安装Nginx
# 安装 nginx
$ yum install nginx --enablerepo=nginx
配置 nginx 时候的运行组
配置
这里配置 nginx 子进程的运行用户组, 替换运行的用户组
sed -i 's/^user nginx/user duoli/' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
也可以直接修改文件
- user nginx;
+ user duoli;
缓存
修改缓存的执行权限, 文件的上传以及资源文件的访问会生成缓存放到 nginx 目录下, 所以保障 nginx 的运行用户对这个用户可读写
# chown -R duoli.duoli /var/lib/nginx
加入自定义的变量, log 命令, 用于搜集日志
# 快捷命令
# replace nginx
sed -i \
'/log_format/,/;$/c\ include conf.d\/opts\/vars;\n include conf.d\/opts\/log-main;\n include conf.d\/opts\/block-ips;\n include conf.d\/opts\/gzip;\n\n client_max_body_size 50m;' \
nginx.conf
# download all vars
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-vars.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/vars && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-gzip.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/gzip && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-log-vars.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/log-vars && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-log-main.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/log-main && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-proxy.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/proxy && \
wget https://i.wulicode.com/op/file/opts-block-ips.nginx -O /etc/nginx/conf.d/opts/block-ips && \
# modify permission
chown -R duoli.duoli /var/lib/nginx
如果不同的服务器需要设置不同的限制上传大小, 可以按照如下设置
# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user duoli;
# max upload setting
http {
# http level
client_max_body_size 20m;
server
{
# server level
client_max_body_size 20m;
}
}
这里需要注意 nginx 缓存目录的权限需要和运行用户一致
# 目录位置
/var/cache/nginx
/var/log/nginx
配置nginx虚拟主机
server{
listen 80;
# 如果这里是 IP, 则才会允许访问, 否则, 扯破牛蛋也访问不到
server_name www.domain.com ;
index index.php index.html;
root /webdata/www/domain/public;
# 这里注意和服务器自带不同的是
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts/$fastcgi_script_name;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
# 会导致 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~.*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 12h;
}
access_log /webdata/logs/domain.access.log main;
error_log /webdata/logs/domain.error.log;
}
安装并配置 php
# 安装 php 基于 remi , 所以需要安装 remi 源
# 如果需要安装其他版本, 则需要将 repo=remi-php7x
$ yum install --enablerepo=remi-php74 php php-pdo php-fpm php-mbstring php-pecl-mcrypt php-gd php-mysqli php-zip php-bcmath php-xml
如果需要安装其他扩展可以参考 使用 pecl 安装 Php 扩展
如果指定安装扩展可以使用类似于以下格式(非默认模式)
$ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="remi" install php74-*-bcmath
配置 php-fpm 权限
# /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = duoli
group = duoli
配置 php.ini
# 时区
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
# upload
post_max_size = 20M
upload_max_filesize = 20M
配置 session 是可写状态
$ chown -R duoli:duoli /var/lib/php/
安装并配置多版本 php
安装多版本 php 需要注意的是 php 的 fastcgi 的运行端口, 配置文件目录, 缓存目录注意应用的名称
# yum install php82
# yum install php82-php-fpm
文件位置
# 配置
/etc/opt/remi/php82/
# 缓存
/var/opt/remi/php82/lib/php
服务名称
systemctl start php82-php-fpm
配置系统端口允许访问并加入自启动
配置的端口有 80/3306 等
# 配置 http
$ firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
# 配置 3306
$ firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
# 重启 防火墙
$ firewall-cmd --reload
# 如未启动服务, 可启动服务
$ systemctl start php-fpm mysqld nginx redis
# 开机启动
$ systemctl enable php-fpm mysqld nginx redis
Supervisor 安装
补充
下载安装mysql
获取最新下载地址: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
# 下载
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.*-1.el7.i686.rpm
$ wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.*-1.el7.i686.rpm
# 安装
yum localinstall mysql-community-client**.rpm
yum localinstall mysql-community-server**.rpm
mysql 更换安装目录
默认位置在:
/var/lib/mysql
新建目标位置并移动数据
# new dir
$ mkdir /webdata/db/
# move data
$ mv -R /var/lib/mysql /webdata/db
# permission
$ chown -R mysql.mysql /webdata/db
编辑配置文件
# vi config
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/webdata/db/mysql
socket=/webdata/db/mysql/mysql.sock
更改 mysql 链接 socket, 否则 mysql 客户端无法使用默认配置连接
[client]
port=3306
socket=/webdata/db/mysql/mysql.sock
重启服务
# restart mysql
$ systemctl restart mysqld
Centos 进行 Php 升级/降级(使用 remi-php 源)
安装启用 remi 的工具包
# 安装 util 工具
$ yum install yum-utils
# 启用相应的源
$ yum-config-manager --enable remi-php81
# 降级
$ yum-config-manager --enable remi-php74
$ yum-config-manager --disable remi-php81
进行 PHP 升级
$ yum upgrade php
升级之后权限会进行重置
drwxrwx--- 2 root apache 4096 10月 20 14:03 opcache
drwxrwx--- 2 root apache 4096 10月 20 14:03 session
drwxrwx--- 2 root apache 4096 10月 20 14:03 wsdlcache
更改目录权限
$ chown -R userxxx.userxxx /var/lib/php/
# 更改文件执行权限(一般升级不用)
$ vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
# user=...
# group=xxx
FAQ
File not found
nginx/apache
网页文件的 selinux 上下文需要配置, 如果未配置则日志中返回的错误是 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream
, 暴力解决方法: 关闭
$ vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
设置为禁用
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server” 的 GPG 密钥已安装,但是不适用于此软件包
源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server” 的 GPG 密钥已安装,但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确 失败的软件包是:mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 GPG 密钥配置为:file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
解决办法:
# rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
supervisor 在代码更新之后需要重启
supervisor 在启动的时候是把代码放到内存中, 然后使用单线程来跑, 并不是每次都重启一个线程, 所以 php 在运行的时候会是以一个单例的方式来运行, 这样便会导致使用静态变量不会释放, 代码更新不会重新获取新代码, 加载到内存中(假定)所以
- 更新代码必须要重启队列
- 不要在 supervisor 中使用队列
补充附录
变更记录
2022-08-05
- supervisord 进行移动, 加入提醒
2022-04-26
- 补充升级, mysql 常用配置, 更新用户名
2021-10-28
- 增加权限改动示例
2019-09-20
- pip 更新为 pip3, 不使用 python2
- 加入 redis
2019-04-03
- redis 使用 remi 安装最新版
- supervisor 使用 pip 安装最新版, 系统自带的版本较低
- supervisor 启动加入自己写入配置文件
2016-10-05
- 第一版版本
参考文章
- How To Install Nginx on CentOS 7(很及时, 解决了无法使用IP连接上服务器的问题)
- Nginx安装(官网翻译)
- nginx FastCGI错误Primary script unknown解决办法